What is R22 Refrigerant and Why You Must Act Now

If your home, shop, or business still relies on an older air conditioning or refrigeration system, there’s a good chance it runs on R22 refrigerant. While once a standard refrigerant in the UK, R22 has since been banned due to its harmful effects on the environment. In this guide, we’ll explain what R22 is, why it’s no longer legal, and what your options are if your system still depends on it. Dept. Environment Sheet RAC 8

What Is R22 Refrigerant?

R22—formally known as HCFC-22 (hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22)—is a chemical refrigerant that was widely used in air conditioning and refrigeration systems installed before 2010. It was once praised for its efficiency and safety profile compared to older refrigerants like R12. R22 works by absorbing heat from one area and releasing it in another, making it ideal for keeping spaces cool and comfortable.

Why Was R22 Refrigerant Phased Out?

Despite its practical benefits, R22 has a serious downside: it damages the ozone layer. As an HCFC, R22 contains chlorine atoms which, when released into the atmosphere, break down ozone molecules. The ozone layer is vital for shielding the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Its depletion has led to increased health risks such as skin cancer and eye damage, as well as negative effects on wildlife and ecosystems.

The global environmental community responded with the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty designed to phase out substances that harm the ozone layer—including R22 refrigerant.

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Key Dates in the R22 Phase-Out (UK & EU)

• 2010: The sale of new R22 equipment was banned in the UK and across the European Union. However, recycled R22 could still be used for servicing.

• 2015: The use of all R22 refrigerant, including reclaimed or recycled refrigerant, was completely outlawed in the UK. Systems using R22 could still operate, but could no longer be legally serviced if refrigerant was needed.

• 2020 and Beyond: The global phase-out continues, with stricter environmental legislation and increased pressure to replace outdated systems.

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How Do I Know If My System Uses R22?

If your air conditioning or refrigeration system was installed before 2010, it’s likely to contain R22 refrigerant. You can usually confirm this by checking the manufacturer’s label or rating plate on the outdoor unit. It may list the refrigerant type as:

• R22

• HCFC-22

• Chlorodifluoromethane

Still unsure? A professional engineer can inspect your system and confirm the refrigerant type.

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What Happens If I Keep Using an R22 System?

Although operating an existing R22 system is not illegal, continuing to do so carries several significant risks:

1. Unserviceable Equipment

If your system develops a leak or refrigerant-related fault, it cannot be legally repaired using R22. This could leave your cooling system inoperable, especially during peak usage periods.

2. High Operating Costs

Older systems are often far less energy-efficient than modern alternatives. This means higher electricity bills and a larger carbon footprint.

3. Spare Parts Are Becoming Obsolete

Finding replacement components for ageing systems is becoming increasingly difficult and expensive.

4. Insurance and Compliance Risks

Depending on your building’s use (especially in commercial or public settings), continuing to operate an outdated system could put you at odds with insurance or regulatory standards.

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What Are My Options?

Now that R22 is no longer legally supported, you’ll need to consider one of the following options:

Option 1: Do Nothing

You could continue using your existing system until it fails. However, this approach carries a serious risk. Once it breaks down, repairs involving refrigerant are not legally permitted, potentially leaving you without cooling for days or even weeks.

Option 2: Retrofit Your System

In some cases, older systems can be adapted to work with a modern refrigerant. This involves flushing the system, changing the oil, and replacing certain components like the expansion valve or compressor.

Advantages:

• Cheaper than full replacement

• Quicker turnaround

Disadvantages:

• Not all systems are compatible

• Energy efficiency may not improve significantly

• Still based on outdated technology

Option 3: Replace the System

The most future-proof and environmentally responsible option is to replace your old system entirely with a new one designed for modern refrigerants like R410A or R32.

Advantages:

• Up to 50% more energy-efficient

• Quieter and more reliable

• Better temperature control

• Fully compliant with current regulations

• Lower environmental impact

Though the upfront cost can be higher, long-term savings on energy bills and reduced maintenance often make this the most cost-effective solution.

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Financial Benefits of Upgrading

• Energy Efficiency: Modern systems use less electricity to achieve better performance, which can lead to significant savings over time.

• Tax Relief and Incentives: Certain commercial systems may qualify for capital allowances or government-backed energy efficiency schemes.

• Increased Property Value: Upgrading your HVAC system can enhance your property’s appeal and future-proof your investment.

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Legal and Environmental Responsibilities

Continuing to operate an R22 system doesn’t just pose operational risks—it also raises environmental concerns. Businesses especially have a responsibility to ensure their buildings meet environmental compliance standards. Non-compliance can affect reputation, customer trust, and even result in penalties.

If your system leaks, not only can it no longer be serviced legally, but the leak itself may be in breach of environmental regulations due to the emission of harmful gases.

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Why Upgrade Now?

Waiting until your R22 system fails will only increase costs, downtime, and inconvenience. Replacing your system proactively:

• Gives you time to explore options

• Allows for a smooth, planned transition

• Reduces the risk of emergency breakdowns

• Lets you take advantage of seasonal promotions or government incentives

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How We Can Help

At Air Intelligence, we understand that replacing an air conditioning or refrigeration system is a big decision. That’s why we offer:

• Free system assessments

• Clear, honest advice

• Tailored upgrade plans

• Professional installation

• Ongoing maintenance and support

We work with homeowners, retailers, restaurants, offices, and commercial sites across the UK to ensure their systems are modern, efficient, and regulation-compliant.

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Conclusion

R22 might have served us well in the past, but its time is up. With the phase-out now fully in effect, the risks of relying on an R22 system—from legal restrictions to environmental damage and rising energy costs—are too great to ignore.

By upgrading to a modern system, you’re not only protecting your property—you’re also investing in efficiency, reliability, and sustainability.

Ready to future-proof your air conditioning?
Get in touch with Air Intelligence today to arrange your free consultation.